In Java, there are two types of exceptions – checked and unchecked exception. Here’s the summary : Checked – Extends java.lang.Exception, for recoverable condition, try-catch the exception explicitly, compile error. Unchecked – Extends java.lang.RuntimeException, for unrecoverable condition, like programming errors, no need try-catch, runtime error. 1. Custom Checked Exception Note Some popular checked exception : …
Some Java examples to show you how to override equals and hashCode. 1. POJO To compare two Java objects, we need to override both equals and hashCode (Good practice). User.java public class User { private String name; private int age; private String passport; //getters and setters, constructor } User user1 = new User("mkyong", 35, "111222333"); …
In this article, we will show you a few ways to join a Java Array. Apache Commons Lang – ArrayUtils Java API Java 8 Stream 1. Apache Commons Lang – ArrayUtils The simplest way is add the Apache Commons Lang library, and use ArrayUtils. addAll to join arrays. This method supports both primitive and object …
This article shows you the difference between Mutable and Immutable objects in Java 1. Mutable object – You can change the states and fields after the object is created. For examples: StringBuilder, java.util.Date and etc. 2. Immutable object – You cannot change anything after the object is created. For examples: String, boxed primitive objects like …
In this article, we will show you a few ways to print a Java Array. Table of contents. 1. JDK 1.5 Arrays.toString 2. Java 8 Stream APIs 3. Java 8 Stream APIs – Collectors.joining 4. Jackson APIs 5. References 1. JDK 1.5 Arrays.toString We can use Arrays.toString to print a simple array and Arrays.deepToString for …
RMI stands for Remote Method Invocation and it is the object-oriented equivalent of RPC (Remote Procedure Calls). RMI was designed to make the interaction between applications using the object-oriented model and run on different machines seem like that of stand-alone programs. The code below will give you the basis to Java RMI with a very …
In Java, we can use TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep() or Thread.sleep() to delay few seconds. 1. TimeUnit JavaDelayExample.java package com.mkyong; import java.util.Date; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class JavaDelayExample { public static void main(String[] args) { try { System.out.println("Start…" + new Date()); // delay 5 seconds TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5); System.out.println("End…" + new Date()); // delay 0.5 second //TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.sleep(500); // delay 1 minute …
In Java, you can use Map.containsKey() to check if a key exists in a Map. TestMap.java package com.mkyong.examples; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class TestMap { public static void main(String[] args) { Map<String, Integer> fruits = new HashMap<>(); fruits.put("apple", 1); fruits.put("orange", 2); fruits.put("banana", 3); fruits.put("watermelon", null); System.out.println("1. Is key ‘apple’ exists?"); if (fruits.containsKey("apple")) { //key …
Learn how to set the JAVA_HOME environment variable on Windows 10 or 11 with easy-to-follow steps and screenshots.
In Java, there are few ways to display double in 2 decimal places. Table of contents. 1. DecimalFormat("0.00") 2. String.format("%.2f") 3. BigDecimal 4. References Possible Duplicate How to round double / float value to 2 decimal places 1. DecimalFormat(“0.00”) We can use DecimalFormat("0.00") to ensure the number is round to 2 decimal places. DecimalExample.java package …
A simple Math.pow example, display 2 to the power of 8. In Math 2^8 = 2x2x2x2x2x2x2x2 =256 In Java Math.pow(2, 8) Note In Java, the symbol ^ is a XOR operator, DON’T use this for the power calculation. TestPower.java package com.mkyong.test; import java.text.DecimalFormat; public class TestPower { static DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat(".00"); public static …
A code snippet to show you how to get the number of available processors / cores / CPUs in your environment. int processors = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(); System.out.println(processors); Output 8 P.S Tested with Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4770 CPU @3.40GHz
In Java, you can use calendar.setTime(date) to convert a Date object to a Calendar object. Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); Date newDate = calendar.setTime(date); A Full example DateAndCalendar.java import java.text.ParseException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Calendar; import java.util.Date; public class DateAndCalendar { public static void main(String[] argv) throws ParseException { //1. Create a Date from String SimpleDateFormat sdf …
In Java, you can use Enum valueOf() to convert a String to an Enum object, review the following case study : 1. Java Enum example WhoisRIR.java package com.mkyong.whois.utils; public enum WhoisRIR { ARIN("whois.arin.net"), RIPE("whois.ripe.net"), APNIC("whois.apnic.net"), AFRINIC("whois.afrinic.net"), LACNIC("whois.lacnic.net"), JPNIC("whois.nic.ad.jp"), KRNIC("whois.nic.or.kr"), CNNIC("ipwhois.cnnic.cn"), UNKNOWN(""); private String url; WhoisRIR(String url) { this.url = url; } public String url() { …
Normally, we are using the following ways to generate a random number in Java. 1. ThreadLocalRandom (JDK 1.7) //Generate number between 0-9 int index = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(10); 2. Random() //Generate number between 0-9 Random random = new Random(); int index = random.nextInt(10); 3. Math.random() //Generate number between 0-9 int index = (int)(Math.random()*10); Note 1. For single …
In Java, we can use getResourceAsStream or getResource to read a file or multiple files from a resources folder or root of the classpath. The getResourceAsStream method returns an InputStream. // the stream holding the file content InputStream is = getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("file.txt"); // for static access, uses the class name directly InputStream is = JavaClassName.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("file.txt"); The …
In this tutorial, we will show you how to get the nameservers of a website using Java + dig command. 1. Using Dig Command 1.1 On Linux, we can use dig command to query a DNS lookup of a website, for example : $ dig any mkyong.com //… mkyong.com. 299 IN A 162.159.x.x mkyong.com. 299 …
In this tutorial, we show you how to convert an IP address to its decimal equivalent in Java, and vice versa. For examples : 255.255.255.255 <-> 4294967295 192.168.1.2 <-> 3232235778 1. IP Address to Decimal We show you two ways to convert an IP address to a decimal number Normal power of 256 Bit shifting …
Before you understand what is & 0xFF, make sure you know following stuffs : Bitwise AND operator, link. Converts hex to/from binary, and decimal to/from binary. In short, & 0xFF is used to make sure you always get the last 8 bits. Let’s see an example to convert an IP address to/from decimal number. 1. …
In this example, we show you how to find a location (country, city, latitude, longitude) using an IP address. 1. GeoLite Database The MaxMind provides a free GeoLite database (IP Address to Location). Get a free GeoLite free Databases – here Get a GeoIP client Java APIs – here Start code it. 2. GeoLite Java …
In this article, we show you 2 examples to join two lists in Java. JDK – List.addAll() Apache Common – ListUtils.union() 1. List.addAll() example Just combine two lists with List.addAll(). JoinListsExample.java package com.mkyong.example; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class JoinListsExample { public static void main(String[] args) { List<String> listA = new ArrayList<String>(); listA.add("A"); List<String> listB …
A short guide to show you how to convert a String with commas to a long type. 1. For a normal String, you can use Long.valueOf to convert it directly. String bigNumber = "1234567899"; long result = Long.valueOf(bigNumber); 2. For a String with commas, you can use java.text.NumberFormat to convert it. String bigNumber = "1,234,567,899"; …
In this article, we will show you a few examples to make HTTP GET/POST requests via the following APIs Apache HttpClient 4.5.10 OkHttp 4.2.2 Java 11 HttpClient Java 1.1 HttpURLConnection (Not recommend) 1. Apache HttpClient In the old days, this Apache HttpClient is the de facto standard to send an HTTP GET/POST request in Java. …
This article shows you how to use Apache HttpClient to send an HTTP GET/POST requests, JSON, authentication, timeout, redirection and some frequent used examples. P.S Tested with HttpClient 4.5.10 pom.xml <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.5.10</version> </dependency> 1. Send GET Request 1.1 Close manually. HttpClientExample1_1.java package com.mkyong.http; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.HttpHeaders; import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; …
A funny Java example to create an ASCII art graphic. The concept is simple, get the image’s rgb color in “integer mode”, later, replace the color’s integer with ascii text. P.S This example is credited for this post ASCIIArtService.java package com.mkyong.service; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.IOException; public class ASCIIArtService { public static void main(String[] …
This article shows how to read and parse a comma-separated values (CSV) file. Topics: CSV file and RFC 4180 OpenCSV – Read and Parse CSV file OpenCSV – Convert CSV file to Object Parse CSV file Challenges – Embedded commas, double quotes, and line breaks Single class to read and parse a CSV file String#split …
In this article, we show you how to use the Locale class to play around the list of countries. P.S Tested with JDK 1.6 1. List of Countries The Locale.getISOCountries() will return a list of all 2-letter country codes defined in ISO 3166. ListCountry.java package com.webmitta.model; import java.util.Locale; public class ListCountry { public static void …
In Java, you can use HttpServletRequest.getRemoteAddr() to get the client’s IP address that’s accessing your Java web application. import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; String ipAddress = request.getRemoteAddr(); 1. Proxy Server or Cloudflare For web application which is behind a proxy server, load balancer or the popular Cloudflare solution, you should get the client IP address via the HTTP …
In this tutorial, we show you 2 examples to calculate date / time difference in Java : Manual time calculation. Joda time library. 1. Manual time calculation Converts Date in milliseconds (ms) and calculate the differences between two dates, with following rules : 1000 milliseconds = 1 second 60 seconds = 1 minute 60 minutes …
In this example, we will show you how to get Google PageRank (PR) in Java. To request a PageRank for “mkyong.com”, you just need to send following HTTP request : http://toolbarqueries.google.com/tbr?client=navclient-auto&hl=en&ch=6236440745 &ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&features=Rank&q=info:mkyong.com P.S Above URL is used by Google toolbar plugin. The tricky part is following hashing value : ch=6236440745 Google is using Bob Jenkins …
Here’s an example to show you how to search a file named “post.php” from directory “/Users/mkyong/websites” and all its subdirectories recursively. FileSearch.java package com.mkyong; import java.io.File; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class FileSearch { private String fileNameToSearch; private List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>(); public String getFileNameToSearch() { return fileNameToSearch; } public void setFileNameToSearch(String fileNameToSearch) { …
A Java example to show you how to count the total number of duplicated entries in a List, using Collections.frequency and Map. CountDuplicatedList.java package com.mkyong; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Set; import java.util.TreeMap; public class CountDuplicatedList { public static void main(String[] args) { List<String> list = new …
To call getResourceAsStream in a static method, we use ClassName.class instead of getClass() 1. In non static method getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.properties")) 2. In static method ClassName.class.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.properties")) 1. Non Static Method A .properties file in project classpath. src/main/resources/config.properties #config file json.filepath = /Users/mkyong/Documents/workspace/SnakeCrawler/data/ FileHelper.java package com.mkyong; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.util.Properties; public class FileHelper { public static …
You can use latest Java 6’s Collection API to navigate a set and Map collections. These API gives a lot of flexibility to find out required result from the collection. 1. NavigableMap Example package com.example.collection; import java.util.NavigableMap; import java.util.TreeMap; public class NavigableMapDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { NavigableMap<String,Integer> navigableMap=new TreeMap<String, Integer>(); navigableMap.put("X", 500); …
Sometimes we need copy properties from a Java class to other, we can do it this manually or with our own reflection implementation, but in this case use us reflection for automate it with a utility from apache Requirements commons-beanutils , you can download from here http://commons.apache.org/beanutils/ commons-loging , you can download from here http://commons.apache.org/logging/ …
Some java application need to execute a method between a regular interval of time. For example GUI application should update some information from database. 1. Scheduler Task For this functionality, You should create a class extending TimerTask(available in java.util package). TimerTask is a abstract class. Write your code in public void run() method that you …
Recently, answered an question about leading zero problem ZipCode, what is the most proper data type for country’s zip code? 1. ZipCode – int In Java, some claimed it should declare as “int”, and use DecimalFormat to format and display the leading zero. For example, package com.mkyong; import java.text.DecimalFormat; public class ZipCodeExample { public static …
In this Java example, we show you how to get content of a page from URL “mkyong.com” and save it into local file drive, named “test.html”. package com.mkyong; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.BufferedWriter; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLConnection; public class GetURLContent { public static void main(String[] args) …
This article shows how to convert an PNG image format to an JPEG image format in Java. 1. PNG Image Below is a PNG image with a transparent background. 2. Java Convert PNG to JPEG Since the JPEG image format doesn’t support the transparent background, we will create a white background as a replacement. Below …
For this tutorial, we will show you how to integrate Google user account in GAE + Java project, via Google Java SDK UserService class. Tools used : JDK 1.6 Eclipse 3.7 + Google Plugin for Eclipse Google App Engine Java SDK 1.6.3.1 1. GAE User service example If user login by using their Google account, …